Cicero, Illinois, Race Riot – Whites Protest Racial Integration
A mob of over 4,000 whites attacked an apartment building in Cicero, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, where an African-American family lived. The tenants were the family of Harvey Clark, an African-American war veteran and graduate of Fisk University.
Only 60 police officers were assigned to the incident, as local authorities made little effort to prevent the violence. Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson (Democratic Party candidate for president in 1952 and 1956) called out the National Guard to restore order.
The riot was one of several incidents in the post-World War II years of white segregationist violence opposing the racial integration of neighborhoods on the South and Southwest side of Chicago. Two incidents eventually led to Supreme Court decisions over free speech issues: Terminiello v. Chicago, decided on May 16, 1949; and Beauharnais v. Illinois, decided on April 28, 1952.
And for historical perspective go to July 27, 1919, for the famous 1919 Chicago race riot.
Violent racial events returned to Cicero in 1966. On May 25th, Jerome Huey, a 17-year-old African American, went to Cicero from Chicago to apply for a job. He was brutally assaulted and killed by a white racist mob. Martin Luther King planned a protest march, but cancelled under an agreement with Chicago area officials. Other African Americans, however, refused to accept the agreement and conducted a march on September 4, 1966. The march was met with thrown bottles and bricks, along with abusive racist verbal attacks, by an angry white mob.
Learn more about the 1951 Cicero race riot at the Zinn Education Project here
Read about the history of race relations in Chicago: Gregory D. Squires, et al., Chicago: Race, Class, and the Response to Urban Decline (1987)
Learn more about the history of African-Americans in Chicago: http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/27.html
Read about the violent racist 1966 events here.
Learn about the famous 1919 Chicago race riot here
Visit the National Museum of African American History and Culture here