Topic: Fourteenth Amendment

Jul 9,

1868

Fourteenth Amendment Ratified

May 18,

1896

Plessy v. Ferguson – “Separate but Equal” Held Constitutional

Nov 20,

1910

Pauli Murray, Civil Rights and Feminist Activist, is Born

Feb 4,

1913

Happy Birthday Rosa Parks!

Nov 5,

1917

Louisville Racial Segregation Ordinance Held Unconstitutional

Sep 3,

1918

“Slacker Raids” in New York Round up 10,000

Nov 7,

1919

Repression! First Palmer Raids Seize Radicals in Twelve Cities

Nov 8,

1919

Benjamin Gitlow Arrested – Makes Civil Liberties History in 1925

Jun 4,

1923

Meyer: A Constitutional Right of Parents to Control their Children’s Education

Jun 1,

1925

Supreme Court Strikes Down Anti-Catholic Oregon School Law

Jun 8,

1925

“Gitlow:” Supreme Court Incorporates Free Speech Clause into 14th Amendment

Aug 3,

1929

Stromberg Arrested for Violating California Red Flag Law

Mar 25,

1931

Scottsboro Case Begins: Nine Young African-Americans Arrested in Alabama

May 18,

1931

Supreme Court Declares California “Red Flag” Law Unconstitutional

Nov 7,

1932

Scottsboro Case Impact – Supreme Court Rules Lawyer Required in Capital Cases

Apr 1,

1935

Scottsboro Case Conviction Overturned: African-Americans Excluded From Jury

Dec 30,

1936

Courts Peril Democracy, Argues Former New Deal Official

Jan 4,

1937

First Amendment Victory in “De Jonge v. Oregon”

Apr 26,

1938

Cantwell Family Arrested; Case Establishes Free Exercise of Religion

Nov 24,

1941

Supreme Court: The Poor Can Come to California!

Jun 1,

1942

Court Limits Sterilization of Offenders: “Skinner v. Oklahoma”

Jul 17,

1945

Congress Refuses to Extend Committee on Fair Employment Practices

Feb 12,

1946

Isaac Woodard, African-American Veteran, Beaten, Blinded in South Carolina; Incident Provokes National Outrage

Jul 17,

1946

President Truman Authorizes FBI Wiretapping

Sep 19,

1946

Truman Promises Presidential Civil Rights Committee

Dec 5,

1946

Truman Creates Historic President’s Committee on Civil Rights

Mar 12,

1947

Cold War Begins: Truman Doctrine Announced

Mar 21,

1947

Guilt by Association: President Truman Launches Federal Loyalty Program

Jun 29,

1947

Truman First President to Address NAACP

Jul 26,

1947

President Truman Signs National Security Act – Creates CIA

Sep 18,

1947

National Security Act in Effect on This Day: Decades of Lawless Abuses Begin

Oct 29,

1947

“To Secure These Rights:” Truman’s Civil Rights Committee Delivers Historic Report

Dec 4,

1947

Official Blacklist: Attorney General’s List of Subversive Organizations Published

Dec 24,

1947

Truman Pardons 1,523 WW II Draft Resisters

Jan 7,

1948

President Truman Promises Civil Rights Message

Jan 12,

1948

Supreme Court Requires Oklahoma to Provide Equal Law School Opportunity for African-Americans

Feb 2,

1948

President Truman Delivers Civil Rights Message to Congress

Mar 22,

1948

A. Philip Randolph Confronts Truman Over Segregated Military

Apr 8,

1948

Southern Leaders Attack President Truman’s 1948 Civil Rights Speech

May 3,

1948

Supreme Court Rules Restrictive Racial Covenants in Housing Not Enforceable

Jul 26,

1948

President Truman Desegregates U. S. Military

Jun 27,

1949

Supreme Court Refuses to Apply Exclusionary Rule to the States

Apr 4,

1950

Burnita Matthews Confirmed as First Female U.S. District Court Judge

Jun 5,

1950

Supreme Court Holds Racially Segregated Railway Dining Cars Illegal

Jun 5,

1950

Univ. Texas Law School Must Admit African-American: “Sweatt v. Painter”

Sep 22,

1950

Repressive McCarran Act Passed Over President Truman’s Veto

Dec 16,

1950

Truman Declares National Emergency to Combat “Communist Imperialism”

Apr 11,

1951

President Truman Fires Gen. Douglas MacArthur, Asserts Civilian Control Over Military

Jan 2,

1952

It “Shocks the Conscience:” Police Forcibly Pump Suspect’s Stomach

Apr 8,

1952

Truman Seizes Steel Mills – Begins Confrontation Over Presidential Power

Apr 28,

1952

Supreme Court Upholds Illinois “Group Libel” Law

May 26,

1952

“The Miracle!” Movies Protected by First Amendment

Jun 2,

1952

Supreme Court Overrules Truman: Limits Presidential Power in Steel Seizure Case

Oct 24,

1952

Secret Truman Order Creates National Security Agency

Jan 5,

1953

“Whom Shall We Welcome?” President Truman Endorses Immigration Reform Report

Feb 8,

1954

No Police Eavesdropping in Your Bedroom!

Jun 30,

1958

Supreme Court Establishes Right of Freedom of Association

May 1,

1959

Prince Edward County, Virginia, Closes Schools Rather Than Integrate

Nov 14,

1960

Tuskegee, Alabama,Voting District Violates the 15th Amendment

Aug 4,

1961

Clarence Gideon Convicted – Begins Road to Supreme Court

Dec 11,

1961

“Garner v. Louisiana” – Early Sit-In Victory

Mar 13,

1963

Ernesto Miranda Arrested

Apr 2,

1963

Supreme Court Invalidates Virginia Anti-NAACP Laws, Upholds Lawyers’ Activism

Jan 23,

1964

The Federal Poll Tax Is Abolished

Mar 9,

1964

“Uninhibited, Robust, and Wide-Open:” The Meaning of the First Amendment

May 25,

1964

Supreme Court Orders Virginia County to Reopen Public Schools

Jun 15,

1964

Supreme Court Establishes “One Man, One Vote” Rule

Dec 7,

1964

Florida Law Banning Interracial Co-Habitation Unconstitutional

Jun 7,

1965

A Constitutional Right to Privacy: “Griswold v. Connecticut”

Mar 24,

1966

All Poll Taxes Declared Unconstitutional

May 20,

1966

“The Big Snoop:” Life Magazine Cover Story Exposes Government Spying

Jun 13,

1966

“You Have a Right to Remain Silent:” The Famous Miranda Decision

May 20,

1968

Supreme Court: “Illegitimate” Children Are Persons with Rights

Jun 9,

1969

Brandenburg: First Amendment Protects Advocacy of Violence – But Not Incitement to Imminent Lawless Action

May 18,

1970

First Same-Sex Marriage Test Case Begins

Dec 17,

1970

Forced Maternity Leave for Pregnant Teacher

Nov 22,

1971

Breakthrough: Women Covered by Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment

Mar 22,

1972

Unmarried Women Win Right to Contraceptives in Massachusetts

Jun 29,

1972

Supreme Court Rules Death Penalty as Applied is Unconstitutional

Oct 10,

1972

First Supreme Court Case on Same-Sex Marriage – No Substantial Federal Question

Jan 22,

1973

A Constitutional Right to an Abortion: “Roe v. Wade”

Jan 21,

1975

Women Cannot be Excluded From Jury Duty: “Taylor v. Louisiana”

Mar 25,

1975

First Same-Sex Marriage in the U.S.?

Mar 18,

1976

Kentucky Finally Ratifies the 14th Amendment

Jul 2,

1979

Supreme Court: No Parental Consent Needed for Abortion

May 20,

1996

Victory for Lesbian and Gay Rights in the Supreme Court: “Romer v. Evans”

Sep 21,

1996

President Clinton Signs Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)

Aug 18,

1997

First Women Enroll at Virginia Military Institute (VMI)

Dec 20,

1999

Vermont Supreme Court Affirms Rights of Same-Sex Couples

Apr 26,

2000

Vermont Legalizes Civil Unions

Jun 26,

2003

Anti-Sodomy Laws Unconstitutional: “Lawrence v. Texas”

Sep 17,

2003

Ohio Re-ratifies 14th Amendment

Nov 18,

2003

Massachusetts State Court Establishes Right to Same-Sex Marriage

May 17,

2004

Same-Sex Marriages Begin in Massachusetts

May 22,

2007

Edie Windsor and Thea Speyer Marry – Then Make History in 2013

Nov 4,

2008

Proposition 8 – California Bans Same-Sex Marriage

Apr 3,

2009

Iowa Supreme Court Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage

May 6,

2009

Maine (Temporarily) Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage

Jun 3,

2009

New Hampshire Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage

Dec 18,

2009

Washington, D.C. Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage

Dec 4,

2010

California Proposition 8, Ban on Same-Sex Marriage, Declared Unconstitutional

Nov 2,

2010

Three Judges Removed From Iowa Supreme Court – Voted For Same-Sex Marriage

Feb 23,

2011

Obama Administration Stops Defending Defense of Marriage Act

Jun 24,

2011

New York State Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage

May 9,

2012

President Obama Endorses Same-Sex Marriage

Jun 17,

2012

Silent Marches Protest Police “Stop and Frisk” Policies

Nov 6,

2012

Quadruple Electoral Win for Same-Sex Marriage

Jun 26,

2013

Same-Sex Marriage Victory: Supreme Court Declares DOMA Unconstitutional

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